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Leadville Miners' strike
Silver was discovered in Leadville, Colorado in the 1870s, initiating the Colorado Silver Boom. The Leadville miners' strike in 1896-97 occurred during, and as a result of, rapid industrialization and consolidation of the mining industry. Mine owners had become more powerful, and they resolved not only to defeat the strike, but also to crush the union. The local union lost the strike and was nearly dissolved, marking a turning point for the local union's parent organization, the Western Federation of Miners (WFM).
The defeat forced miners to re-assess their tactics and their union philosophy.〔William Philpott, The Lessons of Leadville, Colorado Historical Society, 1995, pages 5-6.〕 Although the federation was birthed as the result of a violent struggle and had engaged in a militant action in the Cripple Creek District in which miners asserted union rights and defended themselves with gunfire and dynamite, the organization's disposition and its Preamble envisioned a future of arbitration and conciliation with employers.〔William Philpott, The Lessons of Leadville, Colorado Historical Society, 1995, pages 23,26.〕 After the Leadville strike, WFM leaders and their followers adopted radical politics and were open to more militant policies, breaking with the conservative, craft union based American Federation of Labor in the East.〔There is a difference between union militancy and union radicalism. Some of the most conservative unions have been quite militant. Unions can be militant in their tactics to preserve or protect the status quo, whether that be wages, jobs, or rights. When a union becomes radicalized, it invests philosophy and possibly resources toward the goal of changing the system.〕
==History==
The union local in the Leadville mining district was the Cloud City Miners' Union (CCMU), Local 33 of the Western Federation of Miners.〔William Philpott, The Lessons of Leadville, Colorado Historical Society, 1995, page 2.〕 The Leadville strike was the first real test for the Western Federation of Miners, and the first strike into which the WFM poured significant resources.〔William Philpott, The Lessons of Leadville, Colorado Historical Society, 1995, pages 48,91.〕 Coming just two years after the Federation's victory at Cripple Creek, the Leadville strike represented a significant hope that the mineworkers could solidify their power and continue their dramatic growth.
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